Установка YunoHost

Выберите оборудование, на которое вы хотите установить YunoHost :

Предварительные условия

Вступление

WSL is a nice feature of Windows 10, making Linux pseudo-distributions available through command line. Let's say pseudo, because even though they are not really like virtual machines, they rely on virtualization capacities that make their integration with Windows almost seamless. Docker for Windows can now rely on WSL instead of Hyper-V, for example.

Install Debian 12

Let's install YunoHost into its own distro, not altering the default one. In a PowerShell terminal:

# Let's go in your home directory and prepare the working directories
cd ~
mkdir -p WSL\YunoHost
# Download the Debian appx package and unzip it
curl.exe -L -o debian.zip https://aka.ms/wsl-debian-gnulinux
Expand-Archive .\debian.zip -DestinationPath .\debian
# Import the Debian base into a new distro
wsl --import YunoHost ~\WSL\YunoHost ~\debian\install.tar.gz --version 2
# Cleanup
rmdir .\debian -R

You can now access it: run wsl.exe -d YunoHost

It is under Debian 9 Stretch, so let's upgrade it:

# In WSL
sudo sed -i 's/stretch/bookworm/g' /etc/apt/sources.list`
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade

Prevent WSL from tweaking configuration files

Edit /etc/wsl.conf and put the following code in it:

[network]
generateHosts = false
generateResolvConf = false

Force the use of iptables-legacy

Somehow the YunoHost post-installation does not like nf_tables, the new software replacing iptables. We can still explicitely use the good ol' iptables though:

# In WSL
sudo update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
sudo update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy

Install Systemd

Debian on WSL does not have systemd, a service configuration software. This is a key element for YunoHost, and for any decent Debian distro (seriously MS, what the heck). Let's install it:

1. Install dotNET runtime:

# In WSL
wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/12/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
sudo dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y dotnet-sdk-3.1

2. Install Genie:

# In WSL
# Add their repository
echo "deb [trusted=yes] https://wsl-translinux.arkane-systems.net/apt/ /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/wsl-translinux.list
# Install Genie
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y systemd-genie

Install YunoHost

# In WSL
# Let's switch to the root user, if you were not already
sudo su
# Initialize the Genie bottle to have systemd running
genie -s
# Your hostname should have been appended with "-wsl"
# Install YunoHost
curl https://install.yunohost.org | bash -s -- -a

Access the command line

Always call genie -s while starting your distro.

wsl -d YunoHost -e genie -s

Backup and restore the distro

Make your first distro backup

As said before, there is no rollback capability. So let's export your fresh distro. In PowerShell:

cd ~
wsl --export YunoHost .\WSL\YunoHost.tar.gz

In case of crash, delete and restore the whole distro

cd ~
wsl --unregister YunoHost
wsl --import YunoHost .\WSL\YunoHost .\WSL\YunoHost.tar.gz --version 2

Proceed with the initial configuration

Main domain

This will be the domain used by your server's users to access the authentication portal. You can later add other domains, and change which one is the main domain if needed.

You will have to choose a fake domain, since it will not be accessible from outside. For example, ynh.wsl. The tricky part is advertising this domain to your host.

Alter your C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts file. You should have a line starting by ::1, update it or add it if needed to get:

::1    ynh.wsl localhost

If you want to create subdomains, do not forget to add them in the hosts file too:

::1    ynh.wsl subdomain.ynh.wsl localhost

First user

The first user is now created at this stage. You should pick a username and a reasonably complex password. (We cannot stress enough that the password should be robust!) This user will be added to the Admins group, and will therefore be able to access the user portal, the web admin interface, and connect via SSH or SFTP. Admins will also receive emails sent to root@yourdomain.tld and admin@yourdomain.tld : these emails may be used to send technical informations or alerts. You can later add additional users, which you can also add to the Admins group.

This user replaces the old admin user, which some old documentation page may still refer to. In which case : just replace admin with your username.

Run the initial diagnosis

Once the postinstall is done, you should be able to actually log in the web admin interface using the credentials of the first user you just created.

The diagnosis system is meant to provide an easy way to validate that all critical aspects of your server are properly configured - and guide you in how to fix issues. The diagnosis will run twice a day and send an alert if issues are detected.

yunohost diagnosis run
yunohost diagnosis show --issues --human-readable

Get a Let's Encrypt certificate

Once you configured DNS records and port forwarding (if needed), you should be able to install a Let's Encrypt certificate. This will get rid of the spooky security warning from earlier for new visitors.

For more detailed instructions, or to lean more about SSL/TLS certificates, see the corresponding page here.

yunohost domain cert install

Congratz!

You now have a pretty well configured server. If you're new to YunoHost, we recommend to have a look at the guided tour. You should also be able to install your favourite applications. Don't forget to plan backups !